The World Flora Online

Herbes, arbrisseaux ou rarement petits arbustes, laticifères. Feuilles généralement alternes, simples, entières à dentées ou incisées, dépourvues de stipules. Inflorescence généralement cymeuse; fleurs en panicule, racème, épi, ou solitaires. Fleurs bisexuées, généralement protandres, régulières, (3-)5(-10)-mères, généralement avec une bractée et 2 bractéoles, à préfloraison valvaire; pétales diversement soudés ou parfois libres; étamines alternant avec les lobes de la corolle, libres ou rarement adnées à la corolle, filets généralement dilatés à la base, anthères libres, introrses; ovaire 2-10-loculaire, ± infère ou rarement supère, à placentation axillaire, ovules peu à nombreux, anatropes; style 1, pourvu de poils collecteurs du pollen sur et généralement en dessous des lobes du style. Fruit capsulaire, loculicide ou poricide, ou indèhiscent et ± bacciforme. Graines une à nombreuses, albuminées.

Plantes'herbacées annuelles ou vivaces, sous-arbustes, rarement petits arbustes, contenant du latex.'Feuilles'alternes, rarement opposées, simples, entières, dentées à découpées ou rarement diversement lobées, non stipulées.'Inflorescences'généralement cymeuses, en forme de panicule, de racème, d'épi ou de capitule, ou fleurs solitaires.'Fleurs'bisexuées, généralement protrandres, (3-)5(-10)-mères, actinomorphes, le plus souvent pourvues d'une bractée et de 2 bractéoles; calice ± adné à l'ovaire, à lobes généralement libres, persistants et valvaires; pétales soudés entre eux sur une longueur variable, parfois presque entièrement libres, à préfloraison valvaire; étamines alternant avec les lobes de la corolle, libres ou rarement adnées à la corolle; étamines à filet généralement élargi à la base; anthères libres ou très rarement partiellement ou entièrement soudées, introrses; ovaire ± infère, rarement supère, 2-10-loculaire; style 1, pourvu de poils collecteurs de pollen sur les lobes et généralement en dessous de ceux-ci; ovules peu nombreux à nombreux, anatropes; placentation axile.'Fruits'capsulaires, à déhiscence variable par valves ou par pores apicaux ou latéraux, indéhiscents, ou fruits ± bacciformes.'Graines 1 à nombreuses, albuminées; embryon droit et cylindrique.\n\t\t\tFamille comprenant environ 35 genres et 700 espèces, spécialement bien représentée dans la région méditerranéenne et en Afrique australe, mais à développement plus restreint dans les régions tropicales. Pour la Flore : 4 genres, 27 espèces dont une imparfaitement connue, et 5 sous-espèces dont une imparfaitement connue.

Fruit capsular or baccate Ovules mostly numerous Ovary inferior or rarely superior, 2-10-celled, with axile placentas Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them, inserted towards the base of the corolla or the disk; anthers free, 2-celled, opening lengthwise Corolla gamopetalous, tubular or campanulate, lobes valvate Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, 3-10-lobed Flowers hermaphrodite, actinomorphic Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple; stipules absent Herbs to small trees, nearly always with milky juice Ovules mostly numerous Ovary inferior or rarely superior, 2-10-celled, with axile placentas Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them, inserted towards the base of the corolla or the disk; anthers free, 2-celled, opening lengthwise Corolla gamopetalous, tubular or campanulate, lobes valvate Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, 3-10-lobed Flowers hermaphrodite, actinomorphic Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple; stipules absent Herbs to small trees, nearly always with milky juice

Calyx –{_ adnate to the ovary; lobes usually free, persistent, valvate in bud Flowers hermaphrodite, usually protandrous, regular, (3–) 5(–10)–merous, mostly with a bract and 2 bracteoles Stamens alternating with the corolla–lobes, free or rarely adnate to the corolla; anthers very rarely entirely or partly connate, introrse; filaments usually dilated at the base Petals connate to various degrees, sometimes almost free, valvate in bud Annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or rarely small shrubs, laticiferous Inflorescences generally cymose, panicle–, raceme–, spike– or head–like, or flowers solitary Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple, entire, dentate to incised or rarely variously lobed, exstipulate Fruit capsular, variously dehiscing by apical or lateral valves or pores, or 4; baccate Seeds 1–many, albuminous; embryo straight, terete Ovary ± inferior, rarely superior, 2–10–locular; ovules few–many, anatropous, on axile placentas; style 1, furnished with pollen–collecting hairs on and usually below the style–lobes Flowers hermaphrodite, usually protandrous, regular, (3–) 5(–10)–merous, mostly with a bract and 2 bracteoles Stamens alternating with the corolla–lobes, free or rarely adnate to the corolla; anthers very rarely entirely or partly connate, introrse; filaments usually dilated at the base Petals connate to various degrees, sometimes almost free, valvate in bud Annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or rarely small shrubs, laticiferous Inflorescences generally cymose, panicle–, raceme–, spike– or head–like, or flowers solitary Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple, entire, dentate to incised or rarely variously lobed, exstipulate Fruit capsular, variously dehiscing by apical or lateral valves or pores, or 4; baccate Seeds 1–many, albuminous; embryo straight, terete Ovary ± inferior, rarely superior, 2–10–locular; ovules few–many, anatropous, on axile placentas; style 1, furnished with pollen–collecting hairs on and usually below the style–lobes

About 35 genera and some 700 species, especially well represented in the Mediterranean region and S. Africa, but relatively sparsely developed in the tropics

Fls sympetalous, epigynous, generally perfect; cor regular to highly irregular, with valvate lobes; stamens attached to the annular, epigynous nectary-disk or to the base of the cor, as many as and alternate with the cor-lobes; pollen presentation mechanism complex, the anthers connivent or connate to form a tube into which the pollen is shed, the style provided with a fringe of collecting hairs below the initially appressed stigmatic branches, growing up through the anther-tube and pushing out the pollen; ovary inferior, of 2–3(–5) carpels, typically plurilocular with axile placentation, seldom unilocular with parietal placentation; fr commonly capsular, often poricidal or opening by longitudinal slits that may be more numerous than the carpels; seeds numerous, small, with a straight, dicotyledonous embryo embedded in the oily endosperm; herbs (all ours) or less often ± woody plants, with simple, mostly alternate lvs and variously cymose to racemose infls. 70/2000. (Lobeliaceae)

Herbs, lactiferous, perennial (often with rhizomes or caudices), less often annual, [or shrubs or trees outside of China]. Leaves estipulate, alternate (rarely opposite or whorled), simple, entire or variously toothed or dissected, petiolate or sessile. Flowers tetracyclic, perfect, with a specialized method of proterandrous secondary pollen presentation, resupinate in Lobelioideae, solitary in an axillary or less often terminal position, or aggregated into terminal or axillary inflorescences that appear racemose or paniculate (rarely capitate), pedicellate or rarely sessile; bracts leaflike or reduced, rarely absent; pedicels often bracteolate. Calyx synsepalous, adnate to ovary and forming a hypanthium (free in Cyananthus); lobes (3-)5(-10), valvate, sometimes with a reflexed appendage in each sinus, in some Codonopsis, inserted well below rim of hypanthium. Corolla sympetalous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, most often some shade of blue or violet, or white; lobes (4 or)5(-10), valvate. Stamens equaling number of corolla lobes, antisepalous, distinct, coherent, or connate; anthers tetrasporangiate, dithecal, introrsely dehiscent by longitudinal slits, basifixed. Gynoecium syncarpous, 2-5(-10)-locular with axile placentation, [rarely 1-locular with parietal, basal, or apical placentation outside of China]; ovary at least partly inferior (superior in Cyananthus), sometimes crowned by an annular or tubular nectary; style solitary, pubescent with pollen-collecting hairs below apex; stigma typically with as many lobes as ovary locules. Fruit a capsule, commonly apically loculicidal or laterally poricidal, or a berry. Seeds usually small, numerous; embryo small, straight; endosperm copious, oily or rarely starchy.

Inflorescences generally cymose, panicle-, raceme-, spike- or head-like, or flowers solitary Annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or rarely small shrubs, laticiferous Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple, entire, dentate to incised or rarely variously lobed, exstipulate Petals connate to various degrees, sometimes almost free, valvate in bud Stamens alternating with the corolla-lobes, free or rarely adnate to the corolla; anthers very rarely entirely or partly connate, introrse; filaments usually dilated at the base Ovary ± inferior, rarely superior, 2–10-locular; ovules few-many, anatropous, on axile placentas; style 1, furnished with pollen-collecting hairs on and usually below the style-lobes Fruit capsular, variously dehiscing by apical or lateral valves or pores, or ± baccate Flowers bisexual, usually protandrous, regular, (3–)5(–10)-merous, mostly with a bract and 2 bracteoles Calyx ± adnate to the ovary; lobes usually free, persistent, valvate Seeds 1-many, albuminous; embryo straight, terete Annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or rarely small shrubs, laticiferous Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple, entire, dentate to incised or rarely variously lobed, exstipulate Petals connate to various degrees, sometimes almost free, valvate in bud Stamens alternating with the corolla-lobes, free or rarely adnate to the corolla; anthers very rarely entirely or partly connate, introrse; filaments usually dilated at the base Ovary ± inferior, rarely superior, 2–10-locular; ovules few-many, anatropous, on axile placentas; style 1, furnished with pollen-collecting hairs on and usually below the style-lobes Fruit capsular, variously dehiscing by apical or lateral valves or pores, or ± baccate Flowers bisexual, usually protandrous, regular, (3–)5(–10)-merous, mostly with a bract and 2 bracteoles Calyx ± adnate to the ovary; lobes usually free, persistent, valvate Seeds 1-many, albuminous; embryo straight, terete