The World Flora Online

Grands arbres (Fagara spp.), arbustes dressés ou sarmenteux, parfois lianes (Fagara spp., Toddalia), soit inermes (Toddaliées sauf Toddalia, Clausena), soit fréquemment aiguillonnés ou épineux (Fagara, Toddalia, Aurantiées sauf Clausena) sur le tronc, les branches, les rameaux, les feuilles, les axes d'inflorescence. Souvent écorce, bois, feuillage, fleurs et fruits odorants par sectionnement ou froissement. Feuilles alternes (opposées dans le genre Fagaropsis non rencontré au Gabon), composées imparipennées ou paripennées par avortement (Fagara, Clausena, Citropsis), ayant jusqu'à 40 paires de folioles latérales opposées ou alternes, ou feuilles trifoliolées (Toddaliées, Aurantiées sauf Clausena, parfois Fagara poggei), bifoliolées (par avortement), unifoliolées (avortement, Citrus), ou feuilles composées digitées ayant de 3 à 7 folioles (Araliopsis, Ori-cia (?) lecomteana), très exceptionnellement feuilles simples (Aeglopsis, genre non représenté au Gabon). Stipules absentes. Pétioles et rachis parfois largement ailés foliacés (Citropsis spp., Citrus). Limbes (au moins la marge) toujours criblés de points glanduleux translucides , ceux-ci se retrouvant fréquemment sur les diverses pièces de la fleur, sur les fruits, les graines et les embryons. Ce dernier caractère ainsi que l'odeur de diverses parties de la plante permet presque toujours au premier abord de reconnaître une Rutacée. Marge du limbe entière ou crénelée. Inflorescences terminales ou axillaires, rarement fleurs solitaires (Citrus spp.), presque toujours en panicules garnies de cymes, de corymbes, plus exceptionnellement de racèmes, de fascicules. Plantes souvent dioïques, monoïques ou polygames. Fleurs hermaphrodites ou le plus souvent ± unisexuées par avortement, actinomorphes, tétramères ou pentamères . Calice à 4-5 sépales libres ou le plus souvent connés à la base, à lobes imbriqués parfois peu développés. Pétales hypogynes, 4-5 (Citrus: jusqu'à 8), libres, imbriqués ou rarement valvaires. Etamines aussi nombreuses, très souvent en nombre double, parfois plus nombreuses (jusqu'à 4 fois pour les espèces gabonaises) que les pétales, libres ou un peu connées en phalanges à la base, à anthères biloculaires, introrses, à déhiscence longitudinale. Disque intrastaminal, en général annulaire ou ± lobé. Gynécée supère monocarpique (Fagara spp., Teclea), apocarpique (4 carpelles au maximum) mais avec carpelles non entièrement libres, soudés à la base et également fréquemment par les styles et surtout par les stigmates (Fagara spp. avec 2 carpelles, Oricia, souvent pseudo- syncarpique et seulement à 2 carpelles chez Diphasia) ou syncar-piques à 2-5 carpelles (Araliopsis, Vepris, Toddaliopsis, Oriciopsis, Clausena, Citropsis), 5-7 (Toddalia), 6-10 (Balsamocitrus, Afrae-gle), 8-18 (Citrus). Style ± développé pour les espèces à gynécée monocarpique ou syncarpique, styles ± développés et ± libres pour les espèces à gynécée apocarpique; stigmates individualisés, libres ou soudés, entiers ou lobés. Carpelles uniovulés (Citropsis), souvent bi, parfois pluriovulés (Balsamocitrus, Afraegle, Citrus); ovules pendants, à placentation axile. Fruits: soit 1 ou 2 petites capsules folliculaires à 1 ou 2 graines par follicule (Fagara), soit méricarpe unique drupacé à 1 graine (Teclea), soit 2 méricarpes charnus ± soudés et monospermes (Diphasia), soit 4 méricarpes drupacés ± apocarpiques et monospermes (Oricia), soit 2-4 méricarpes drupacés syncar-piques monospermes (Vépris), soit 4 méricarpes drupacés syn-carpiques monospermes (Toddaliopsis, Oriciopsis) ou dispermes (Araliopsis), soit petite drupe à 5-7 loges monospermes (Todda-lia), soit petite baie coriace à 1 ou 2 graines (Clausena), soit petite baie coriace avec quelques graines (Citropsis), soit baie de taille moyenne ou assez volumineuse et coriace à plusieurs graines (Citrus), soit grosse baie ligneuse à plusieurs graines (Balsamo-citrus, Afraegle). Graine sans endosperme ou avec endosperme peu abondant. Embryon droit avec cotylédons plans-convexes, parfois l'un plié longitudinalement (Oricia); exceptionnellement embryon très courbé (Toddalia); parfois polyembryonie (Fagara spp., Oricia (?) lecomteana, Citrus).

Arbres , arbustes parfois sarmenteux ou lianes, fréquemment épineux ou aiguillonnés; aiguillons souvent présents sur le tronc, les rameaux, les feuilles ou l'inflorescence; écorce, feuillage, fleurs et fruits souvent odorants.'Feuilles'alternes, exceptionnellement opposées, sans stipules, pari- ou imparipennées, 1-3-foliolées ou simples; pétioles et rachis parfois largement ailés-foliacés; limbe entier ou crénelé-denté, à ponctuations translucides parfois limitées aux bords.'Inflorescences'terminales ou axillaires, le plus souvent paniculées et ± amples ou cymeuses et fasciculées.'Fleurs'petites, pédicellées ou sessiles, ☿ ou ♂ ♀, 4-5-mères; sépales imbriqués, libres ou connés; pétales imbriqués, rarement valvaires, généralement libres; étamines en nombre égal ou double de celui des pétales ou 6, généralement libres; anthères 2-loculaires, à déhiscence longitudinale; disque souvent présent; gynécée à ovaire supère, syncarpe et 4-5-loculaire ou apocarpe; styles libres ou soudés; ovules 2, plus rarement 1 ou plus de 2 par loge superposés.'Fruits'syncarpes bacciformes, drupacés ou capsulaires ou apocarpes charnus et déhiscents à maturité, à péricarpe souvent ponctué de cellules oléifères.'Graines avec ou sans endosperme.\n\t\t\tFamille pantropicale comprenant ± 145 genres et 1600 espèces; au Congo belge, 10 genres, 35 espèces et 3 variétés.\n\t\t\tLes espèces fruitières du genre'Citrus'L. sont fréquemment représentées dans les villages. Certaines espèces décoratives se retrouvent dans les stations ou agglomérations :'Murraya paniculata'(L.) Jack,'Atalantia buxifolia Oliv.

Fruit baccate, drupaceous or coriaceous, rarely a capsule Seeds with or without endosperm Ovules often 2, superposed Stamens the same or double the number of the petals, rarely numerous, free or rarely united; anthers 2-celled, introrse, opening lengthwise Petals imbricate, rarely valvate, mostly free Ovary superior, syncarpous and often 4–5-celled, or the carpels free (secondary apocarpy); styles free or connate Disk usually present within the stamens Leaves simple or compound, mostly gland-dotted; stipules absent Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs Sepals 4–5, imbricate, free or connate Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, actinomorphic Seeds with or without endosperm Ovules often 2, superposed Stamens the same or double the number of the petals, rarely numerous, free or rarely united; anthers 2-celled, introrse, opening lengthwise Petals imbricate, rarely valvate, mostly free Ovary superior, syncarpous and often 4–5-celled, or the carpels free (secondary apocarpy); styles free or connate Disk usually present within the stamens Leaves simple or compound, mostly gland-dotted; stipules absent Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs Sepals 4–5, imbricate, free or connate Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, actinomorphic

Stamens as many as or twice as many as the petals, free or rarely numerous and in phalanges, inserted at the base of a disk; anthers 2-lobed at the base, sometimes with an apical gland; staminodes well-developed or vestigial or absent Leaves simple or pinnate or (1) 3-foliolate; lamina dotted with pellucid glands all over the surface or on the margin only Trees or shrubs, rarely suffrutices or perennial herbs, with odoriferous oil-glands, sometimes armed with prickles or spines Flowers (2–3) 4–5-merous, actinomorphic, bisexual or unisexual by abortion and dioecious Inflorescences of panicles, racemes, cymose clusters or glomerules, terminal, axillary, or terminal and axillary, sometimes also on older leafless branches Petals free, imbricate or rarely valvate Sepals free or united, usually imbricate Fruit baccate or drupaceous, 1–4-locular (1–3 loculi abortive), with 1-seeded loculi, or a 5-locular capsule with 2-seeded loculi, or 2-locular with 5–6-seeded loculi, or rarely a 1-seeded follicle Ovary vestigial in the male flowers, in the female flowers of a single carpel which is sessile, subsessile or stipitate, 1-locular and 2-ovulate, or of 2–5 (7) carpels united for their full length and sessile or on a short or long gynophore, or slightly united at the base and by the stigma (otherwise free), each carpel 1-locular and 2-ovulate, or rarely 1–? ovulate; style long or short or absent, terminal or lateral; stigma capitate or discoid, ± deeply lobed Seeds oblong, reniform or rounded; endosperm present or absent Leaves simple or pinnate or (1) 3-foliolate; lamina dotted with pellucid glands all over the surface or on the margin only Trees or shrubs, rarely suffrutices or perennial herbs, with odoriferous oil-glands, sometimes armed with prickles or spines Flowers (2–3) 4–5-merous, actinomorphic, bisexual or unisexual by abortion and dioecious Inflorescences of panicles, racemes, cymose clusters or glomerules, terminal, axillary, or terminal and axillary, sometimes also on older leafless branches Petals free, imbricate or rarely valvate Sepals free or united, usually imbricate Fruit baccate or drupaceous, 1–4-locular (1–3 loculi abortive), with 1-seeded loculi, or a 5-locular capsule with 2-seeded loculi, or 2-locular with 5–6-seeded loculi, or rarely a 1-seeded follicle Ovary vestigial in the male flowers, in the female flowers of a single carpel which is sessile, subsessile or stipitate, 1-locular and 2-ovulate, or of 2–5 (7) carpels united for their full length and sessile or on a short or long gynophore, or slightly united at the base and by the stigma (otherwise free), each carpel 1-locular and 2-ovulate, or rarely 1–? ovulate; style long or short or absent, terminal or lateral; stigma capitate or discoid, ± deeply lobed Seeds oblong, reniform or rounded; endosperm present or absent

Fls perfect or unisexual, usually hypogynous and regular and 4–5-merous, with distinct pet; stamens usually as many (and alternate with) or twice as many as the pet, the filaments often connate below; nectary-disk intrastaminal, sometimes unilateral, sometimes modified into a gynophore; ovary plurilocular, often apically indented, or the carpels sometimes distinct except for the coherent styles; ovules ± epitropous, (1)2 (–several) in each carpel on axile (or marginal) placentas; embryo large, spatulate or sometimes linear, with 2 cotyledons; endosperm oily or wanting; plants commonly with secretory cavities containing aromatic ethereal oils scattered throughout the parenchymatous tissues, the lvs pellucid-punctate, exstipulate, usually pinnately compound or dissected or trifoliolate. 150/1500, mostly of warm reg.

Shrubs, trees, or sometimes herbs, sometimes scrambling or scandent, sometimes armed, with aromatic volatile oils contained in glands visible at surface of at least leaves, young branchlets, inflorescences, flower parts, fruit, or cotyledons in seed. Stipules absent [or stipular excrescences rarely present]. Leaves alternate, opposite [or whorled], simple (petiole neither apically swollen nor articulate with leaf blade), 1-foliolate (in individual specimens at least some 1-foliolate leaves with petiole apically swollen and/or articulate with leaf blade), or variously compound. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, usually 3-5-merous, actinomorphic or rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous [or rarely perigynous]. Perianth in 2 series, with clearly differentiated calyx and corolla or sometimes in 2 irregular series or 1 series, with ± undifferentiated tepals. Sepals distinct or connate to their full length. Petals distinct [or rarely coherent or connate for part of their length]. Stamens usually as many as or 2 × as many as petals or sometimes more numerous; filaments distinct or sometimes coherent or connate for at least part of their length; anthers introrse or sometimes latrorse, longitudinally dehiscent. Disk [rarely lacking] within androecium, nectariferous, flattened, annular, cup-shaped, pulvinate, or sometimes columnar, bell-shaped, conic, or hourglass-shaped. Gynoecium of 1-5 distinct 1-loculed carpels or 2 to many partially to completely connate carpels; placentation axile [very rarely becoming parietal]; ovules 1 to many per locule. Fruit of 2-5 follicles [drupes or samaras] or a single follicle, capsule, or berry [or samara]. Seeds with relatively large embryo; endosperm present and fleshy or lacking.

Flowers bisexual or unisexual by abortion and dioecious, actinomorphic Inflorescence variable, but mostly of panicles, racemes or cymose clusters Sepals (2–)4–5, free or united towards the base, usually imbricate in bud Petals (0–)4(–8), free and usually imbricate Leaves simple, trifoliolate, pinnately or palmately compound, spicy-aromatic when crushed; lamina dotted with pellucid glands (at least along the margin) Trees or shrubs, rarely suffrutices or perennial herbs, sometimes armed with spines or prickles Ovary superior; carpels 1–5(–15) or rarely more, free below or completely united; ovules 1–several in each locule; placentation usually axile; style usually 1; stigma 1, capitate and large Fruit a berry or drupe, 1–4–many-locular with 1–8-seeded locules, or a 5–8-locular capsule with 2–many-seeded locules, rarely 1-seeded follicle Stamens 3–10(–40), usually as many as or twice as many as the petals; filaments free or united into groups, inserted at the base of a disk; anthers 2-thecous A pistillode sometimes present in ? flowers; staminodes sometimes absent in ? flowers Seeds oblong, reniform or rounded; endosperm often absent Inflorescence variable, but mostly of panicles, racemes or cymose clusters Sepals (2–)4–5, free or united towards the base, usually imbricate in bud Petals (0–)4(–8), free and usually imbricate Leaves simple, trifoliolate, pinnately or palmately compound, spicy-aromatic when crushed; lamina dotted with pellucid glands (at least along the margin) Trees or shrubs, rarely suffrutices or perennial herbs, sometimes armed with spines or prickles Ovary superior; carpels 1–5(–15) or rarely more, free below or completely united; ovules 1–several in each locule; placentation usually axile; style usually 1; stigma 1, capitate and large Fruit a berry or drupe, 1–4–many-locular with 1–8-seeded locules, or a 5–8-locular capsule with 2–many-seeded locules, rarely 1-seeded follicle Stamens 3–10(–40), usually as many as or twice as many as the petals; filaments free or united into groups, inserted at the base of a disk; anthers 2-thecous A pistillode sometimes present in ? flowers; staminodes sometimes absent in ? flowers Seeds oblong, reniform or rounded; endosperm often absent